The paper certificateIt bears a pen signature: to know whether it is really theirs, you need an expert.
The Ichnos certificate1 / 3It bears the author's qualified electronic signature, whose identity a qualified provider has established.
The paper certificateA good printer is enough to imitate it.
The Ichnos certificate2 / 3The secret is a key sealed inside the chip: every touch creates an encrypted message that is valid only once.
The paper certificateTo check it you must track down whoever issued it, and hope they are still there.
The Ichnos certificate3 / 3Anyone can verify it in an instant, with any phone.